CHE1001 · Genel Kimya I

General Chemistry I

Moles, stoichiometry, gases, thermochemistry, bonding and solutions.

Textbook: Petrucci, Ralph H. ; Harwood, William S. ; Herring, F. Geoffrey ; Madura Jeffry D. General Chemistry, Tenth Edition, Pearson.

Week 1
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY.
- Measurement, units, significant figures and the moleSI units, significant figure rules, unit conversion by dimensional analysis, and mole and formula calculations. Every question in the rest of the course is solved with these tools.
Week 2
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
- Chemical reactions, stoichiometry, molarity and the limiting reactantBalancing equations, gram-to-gram calculations with mole ratios, percent by mass and molarity, dilution and the limiting reactant. The most dependable calculation questions on the midterm.
Week 3
Theoretical Yield, Actual Yield, and Percent Yield in Chemical Reactions.
- Yield calculations and an introduction to aqueous reactions: electrolytes, precipitationTheoretical, actual and percent yield; types of electrolytes, ion concentrations, solubility rules, precipitation reactions and the net ionic equation.
Week 4
Acid-Base (Neutralization) Reactions. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions.
- Acid-base (neutralization) and redox reactionsDefinitions of acids and bases, neutralization and titration calculations, oxidation numbers, oxidizing/reducing agents and balancing redox equations with the half-reaction method.
- Gases: pressure and the gas lawsPressure units, Boyle's, Charles's, Gay-Lussac's and Avogadro's laws, the combined gas law, the ideal gas equation PV = nRT and stoichiometry with gases.
Week 5
Gas Densities. Gas Mixtures. Kinetic Theory of Gases. Gas Properties Related to Kinetic Theory: Diffusion and Effusion. Nonideal (Real) Gases.
- Gas density, gas mixtures, kinetic theory, effusion and real gasesDensity and molar mass with d = PM/RT, Dalton's law of partial pressures and collecting gas over water, kinetic theory and speeds, Graham's law, the van der Waals equation and an introduction to thermochemistry.
Week 6
Heat. Experimental Determination of Heats of Reaction: Calorimeters. PressurexVolume Work in Chemical Reactions. First Law of Thermodynamics. The Concept of Enthalpy and Its Application to Chemical Reactions.
- Heat, calorimetry, PV work, the first law of thermodynamics and enthalpyq = mcΔT, coffee-cup and bomb calorimeters, expansion work w = −PΔV, ΔU = q + w, enthalpy ΔH and stoichiometry with the heat of reaction.
Week 7
Standard Enthalpies of Formation. Calculating Standard Enthalpy Changes of Chemical Reactions.
- Standard enthalpies of formation, Hess's law and an introduction to chemical bondingThe definition of ΔH°f and formation equations, ΔH°rxn = Σ ΔH°f(products) − Σ ΔH°f(reactants), adding equations with Hess's law; Lewis symbols, ionic and covalent bonds, the octet rule.
Week 8
Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds. Writing Lewis Structures of Molecules and Ions Containing More than Two Atoms. Formal Charge Concept. Resonance.
- Polar bonds, Lewis structures, formal charge and resonanceBond type from the electronegativity difference, writing the Lewis structure of polyatomic molecules and ions step by step, choosing the best structure with formal charge, resonance, exceptions to the octet and estimating ΔH with bond enthalpies.
Week 9
Shapes of Molecules. Polarity of Molecules, the Concept of Dipole Moment. Hybridization and Hybrid Orbitals.
- Molecular shapes (VSEPR), polarity and dipole moment, hybridizationFrom the number of electron groups to electron geometry, molecular shape and bond angles; from bond dipoles to molecular polarity; from the number of groups to sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d² hybridization.
Week 10
Sigma and Pi Bonds.
- Sigma and pi bonds, intermolecular forcesHow σ and π bonds form by orbital overlap, counting σ/π in multiple bonds and hybridization; comparing boiling points through London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interactions.
Week 11
Viscosity of Liquids. Vaporization, Enthalpy of Vaporization, Vapor Pressure of Liquids. Boiling of Liquids.
- Liquids: viscosity, surface tension, vaporization, vapor pressure and boilingHow liquid properties relate to intermolecular forces, enthalpy of vaporization calculations, dynamic equilibrium and vapor pressure, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the boiling point and the effect of pressure.
Week 12
Critical Temperature and Critical Pressure. Liquefaction of Gases. Some Properties of Solids. Phase Diagrams.
- Critical temperature and pressure, properties of solids, heating curves and phase diagramsLiquefaction of gases and supercritical fluids; enthalpies of fusion, freezing and sublimation, multi-step heating curve calculations, types of solids; reading the phase diagrams of water and CO2.
Week 13
SOLUTIONS AND THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- Solutions: concentration units, the dissolving process and solubilityConversions among percent by mass, ppm, molarity, molality and mole fraction; like dissolves like, enthalpy of solution, the effect of temperature on solubility and Henry's law for gases.
Week 14
Vapor Pressure Lowering, Osmotic Pressure, Boiling Point Elevation, Freezing Point Depression in Solutions of Nonelectrolytes. Vapor Pressure Lowering, Osmotic Pressure, Boiling Point Elevation, Freezing Point Depression in Solutions of Electrolytes. Colloidal Mixtures.
- Colligative properties: vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure and colloidsRaoult's law, ΔTb = i·Kb·m, ΔTf = i·Kf·m, Π = iMRT; the van 't Hoff factor in electrolytes, finding molar mass from colligative measurements, and colloidal mixtures.